Invisible Disabilities: 80% of Disabled People Are Concerned!

Invisible Disabilities: 80% of Disabled People Are Concerned!

by | 06 Aug, 2021

People with invisible disabilities partying

Invisible Disabilities: 80% of Disabled People Are Concerned! 

Having a disability = using a wheelchair. That’s one persisting cliché! Actually, only 2% of people with disabilities are wheelchair users but 80% have invisible disabilities! What we mean by “invisible disabilities” is an unnoticed disability at first glance, that is to say when the person in question hasn’t made their difficulties known. What are the types of invisible disabilities? How can you identify them? What are the best practices to best welcome people with invisible disabilities at public venues? Follow the guide, we’ll explain everything!

Several types of invisible disabilities

Although we usually arrange them in main categories, there are as many disabilities as people with disabilities. The same holds true for invisible disabilities! They include most sensory disabilities (visual and hearing impairments), most of the mental and psychological impairments, cognitive disabilities and a lot of chronic diseases generating incapabilities.

In concrete terms, the following situations are part of invisible disabilities:

⊗ Hearing impairment,

⊗ Visual impairment,

⊗ Certain forms of autism,

⊗ Bipolar disorders,

⊗ Alzheimer’s disease,

⊗ People with a heart condition,

⊗ Dyslexia,

⊗ People with post-traumatic-disorders (war veterans or terrorist attack survivors), etc.

A lot of elderly people have an invisible disability, some may even have several.

Illiteracy is also a cause of invisible disability, even though it’s rarely acknowledged as such by the administration. According to the U.S. Department of Education, 54% of adults between 16 and 74 years old lack proficiency in literacy. That represents around 130 million people who can read below the equivalent of a sixth-grade level. Illiteracy has direct consequences on people’s quality of life and their integration into society.

Invisible disabilities creates multiple difficulties

The consequences of having an invisible disability vary according to the type of disability and its severity. Having disabilities can lead to being easily tired, having attention deficit disorders, difficulties to take initiatives or to put up a strategy, memory disorders.

Many people with invisible disabilities prefer not to disclose their disabilities. Some even feel ashamed because of them. This is due to the fact that being different is often regarded as a problem by relatives or work relations. Sometimes invisible disabilities can have an impact on our intimacy. For example, those with Crohn’s disease have to use the bathroom very often. Endometriosis also has a strong impact on the everyday lives of women with it. More than 6 million women have endometriosis in the U.S.

Contrary to people whose disabilities are obvious, people with invisible disabilities are often suspected to lie or to be lazy. They’re more likely to be misunderstood, laughed at or insulted. Their specific needs are rarely taken into account. However, many of them are legitimately entitled to use a parking space for people with reduced mobility (PRM), to ask for a seat at public transportation or to have priority in a line.

A lot of invisible disabilities have variable manifestations according to the situation, the events, the fatigue people feel or their mood. These fluctuations increase how misunderstood people with invisible disabilities may be by their relatives. Consequently, they have to make more of an effort to adapt which makes them much more tired. 

How can you best welcome people with invisible disabilities?

The tricky part is that by definition invisible disabilities aren’t obvious. In order to provide people with invisible disabilities with the best possible welcome, it’s important you build a climate of trust so that your visitors can freely express their specific needs. To do that, you can directly ask them: “Do you need anything in particular?”. This can be a seat to wait, some help to fill up a document, a handwritten note with the main directions to follow to get to a place or any other action that will enable them to better have access to your services.

A good thing to set up: make sure to systematically provide a field in all your subscription forms for people to express their specific needs.

And also make sure not to judge particular demands and to leave behind any negative prejudices you may have. As we said earlier, people with invisible disabilities mostly suffer from being accused of lying or taking advantage. Keep a positive and respectful attitude in all circumstances! For any situation, you can use our 7 Tips to Welcome a Person with Disabilities.

To conclude, invisible disabilities are far from being uncommon. Always keep in mind that the person you’re talking to may have specific needs you may not have thought of at first. By remaining open-minded and by listening to them without judging, you give them the opportunity to express themselves. Thus you’re more likely to meet their needs and to make them have access to the services your venue provides more easily!

Published on August 6th, 2021

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People with invisible disabilities sitting on a bench at the beach

Having disabilities can lead to being easily tired, having attention deficit disorders, difficulties to take initiatives or to put up a strategy, memory disorders.

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Lise Wagner

Lise Wagner

Accessibility Expert

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Invisible Disabilities: 80% of Disabled People Are Concerned!

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Aug 6, 2021

Invisible Disabilities: 80% of Disabled People Are Concerned! Having a disability = using a wheelchair. That’s one persisting cliché! Actually, only 2% of people with disabilities are wheelchair users but 80% have invisible disabilities! What we mean by “invisible...

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For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

Disability Pride Month: What Is It and Why Is It Important?

Disability Pride Month: What Is It and Why Is It Important?

by | 30 Jul, 2021

People celebrating with confettis

Disability Pride Month: What Is It and Why Is It Important?

July celebrates Disability Pride Month! A month to support and raise awareness on disability. It gives people with disabilities an opportunity to be seen and heard. Obviously, everybody has their own experiences but this type of celebration enables them to have a sense of community and to assert their rightful place in society.

Inclusion isn’t something trendy to please millennials but is meant to stay! Thanks to initiatives like Disability Pride Month, people with disabilities can gain more visibility and be more included in society. 

Let’s see what it entails exactly and why it’s so important!

What is Disability Pride Month?

It all started when the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) passed in 1990 under George H.W Bush’s presidency. Its goal is to prevent discrimination based on disability. Thanks to this law, accessibility barriers are being removed at public venues such as museums or shopping malls and also public transportation like subways or airports. The law even requires web accessibility. Plus it also advocates employment for people with disabilities. 

Riding the wave of enhancing visibility for people with disabilities, the city of Boston held the first Disability Pride Day in 1990. A lot of cities followed their lead like San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Antonio and New York City but the event wasn’t nationally recognized.

We had to wait for New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio to establish July as Disability Pride Month in 2015. The year marked the ADA’s 25th anniversary so it was the perfect way to honor it! “By designating July as Disability Pride Month, we are celebrating and commending the fierce advocacy of those who have fought for equal rights for decades and reaffirming our strong commitment to making New York City the most accessible city in the world”, said Mayor de Blasio.

Advocating for disability rights is an everyday battle but having a whole month dedicated to them is in itself a victory. The event fosters accessibility and inclusion! After all, there are 1 billion people with disabilities in the world. But everybody’s concerned: we are all getting older and may face reduced mobility or disease generating incapacities  in the future. And most of all, as human beings living in this world and cohabitating, shouldn’t we be more comprehensive and empathetic towards the issues some (a lot) of us may face?  

Disability Pride Month consists in various activities: parades in a few cities, educational and artistic events and smaller community celebrations. But it takes on its full meaning when it starts a conversation through countless articles on the events, testimonies of disability rights activists and people with disabilities on social media with #DisabilityPrideMonth. That’s what truly matters!

Why is it important to talk about disability?

The Disability Pride Month is spreading on all social media platforms. Meaning that people with disabilities take charge and start a conversation on their disabilities and their everyday lives issues. And what’s better than a person having a disability to explain what it entails, how they’ve accepted it and own it? People with disabilities may feel rejected or ashamed not to be able as others. By making their voices heard, they embrace their disabilities as a positive force. The National Council on Independent Living even designed a Disability Pride Toolkit and Resource Guide.

Such visibility during a whole month creates bridges among all communities: people from all walks of life and different profiles can share their own experiences. This enables to raise disability awareness: people who aren’t directly concerned by disability but who would like to know more. Plus at some point, we all can encounter a person with disabilities at work or in the streets. It can be very helpful to know the issues they face! 

Shedding some light on disability with such an initiative enables to enforce positive takes on people with disabilities: they adapt, they persevere, they show optimism, they’re resourceful, resilient…

How can you be involved?

Maybe at some point, you’ve said “there are no people with disabilities living in my city” to which we’d tell you: “look again”. Did you know that 80% of disabilities are invisible? This concerns hearing impaired people, people on the autism spectrum, people with chronic diseases generating incapacities like Crohn’s disease, people with PTSD… This means you’ve probably already encountered a person with a disability without necessarily being aware of it. It’s normal to feel uncomfortable and awkward as you may not know how to behave around them. But the most important thing to know is that you just have to treat people with disabilities as equals. We’ve come up with 7 Tips to Welcome a Person with Disabilities that work every time! 

Next time you meet someone with a disability, just say hi and talk to them. Just be yourself and take the time to know them as individuals. You’ll see that you’ll gradually remove stigmas you may have first had on people with disabilities. Starting a conversation is simple but this can make a difference.

And if you want to do more, you can always look up and get more information on disability whether by reading on the subject or by checking out disabled activists and community leaders. It takes all of us to create an accessible and inclusive world!

We hope that this article on Disability Pride Month will help you start a conversation! Whether with your friends and relatives, your employees or your neighbors! And not only in July. Removing accessibility barriers is an everyday mission!

Published on July 30th, 2021

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A wheelchair user is pushed by a friend at the beach

Such visibility during a whole month creates bridges among all communities […] This enables to raise disability awareness.

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Carole Martinez

Carole Martinez

Content Manager

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on the accessibility market.

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For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

Should We Say “Hybridization” or “Inclusion” Regarding People with Disabilities? | Interview of Gabrielle Halpern, Doctor of Philosophy

Should We Say “Hybridization” or “Inclusion” Regarding People with Disabilities? | Interview of Gabrielle Halpern, Doctor of Philosophy

by | 09 Jul, 2021

Differents groups of people walking on the streets

Should We Say “Hybridization” or “Inclusion” Regarding People with Disabilities? | Interview of Gabrielle Halpern, Doctor of Philosophy

As accessibility experts, we often talk about inclusion to explain that our society should be built to suit the needs of everybody, regardless of their abilities or disabilities. We came across an article* by French Doctor of Philosophy, Gabrielle Halpern, in which she entirely rejects the term “inclusion” to favor “hybridization”. Indeed, we were appalled at discovering that the etymology of the word “inclusion” didn’t exactly match our values… 

But should we use the term “hybridization” instead? Gabrielle Halpern has been doing some research about this particular notion that comes from the figure of the centaur: the mythological creature from Ancient Greece, half-human and half-horse. When Dr Halpern states that we are all centaurs, she means that we are all hybrids: we all are several different things. This implies that we are not made to fit in society’s norms but that society should embrace our diversity, our hybridization. This can make it stronger and definitely better.

Discovering that “inclusion” may not be the best word to use when we talk about accessibility, we asked Dr Halpern to tell us more about hybridization. Let’s dive into this fascinating subject! You’ll probably find out you are a centaur too (and that’s great)! 

Hello Gabrielle Halpern, can you introduce yourself in a few words?

I’m a centaur! More precisely, I have a PhD in Philosophy. I graduated from Ecole Normale Supérieure (French research university) and I currently work as a research fellow there. Simultaneously, I worked for several years at different cabinet ministers where I was in charge of forward planning and speeches. Then I joined a startup incubator to work with young entrepreneurs and guide them to develop their activity. And now I advise companies and public institutions while actively pursuing my works in philosophy. I have a foot in each world to try and progressively build bridges between them, – hybridizations –, despite their obvious contradictions and their difficulties to connect together… I define myself as a centaur because this “half-human, half-horse” figure is the ultimate hybridization. This is the reason why I dedicated my philosophy thesis and my essay “Tous centaures ! Éloge de l’hybridation” (only available in French at Le Pommier, 2020) to centaurs. To me, hybridation isn’t just a research project, I intimately live it and I see it as a vision of the world, a society project I wish I could contribute to build. 

We questioned ourselves thanks to an article you wrote in HUFFPOST, “Don’t say ‘inclusion’ anymore when you talk about disabilities”. For us, inclusion means taking into account the specific needs of everybody, including those with disabilities. Why are you opposed to the term “inclusion” and why do you prefer talking about “hybridization”? 

The term “inclusion” is more and more employed but this common noun is derived from the Latin word inclusio which meant “imprisonment”. This referred to the seclusion of hermits and monks. We don’t realize it but this analogy is awful! When a child is born in a family, do we really talk about inclusion, insertion or integration? No we don’t! And there’s a reason for that! When a child is born, everything changes: the balance of power, everybody’s identities, the interactions between all those involved, the external relationships, the way we look and don’t look at each other or even the way we put ourselves in relation to others. There’s no integration, insertion nor inclusion… There’s hybridization! Meaning there’s an encounter that makes everybody step out of themselves. If we go back to the figure of the centaur, – the figure of the ultimate hybridization –, this is precisely what came into play: the human and the horse had to step aside to create this unifying third figure that the centaur is. Yes, the encounter can only take place when all interested parties metamorphose. Concerning people with disabilities, whether they have a physical or intellectual disability, it would be awful to include them, as if they had to be content to have the place we’d grant them,  – taking into account the whole effort they’d provide to adapt  –, as long as it doesn’t interfere with our practices. We need to understand that the real challenge is our ability to accept to step aside and to leave our comfort zone. The disability that the other has, because it’s outside the norm, because it “transgresses” the absurd box we’ve built and lived in, awakens our fear of the unknown. Let’s stop being afraid and let’s hybridize ourselves! By doing this, we’ll metamorphose our management skills, our organizations, our jobs, our recruitments, our professional relationships and our innovations!

Instead of talking of an inclusive society, we should rather talk of a society that’s turning into an hybridization seeing that it’s not just about including all of those who are different, physically or mentally, but to create the conditions of an encounter that enables a reciprocal metamorphosis. At companies, public institutions, schools, colleges and universities, research labs, restaurants, associations and clubs – everywhere! –, it’s urgent not only to give a place to those who don’t fit in our box but to accept to let ourselves be transformed by them. It’s not up to them to fit in our box; it’s us who need to leave our box seeing that after all, we are the ones imprisoned, included, isolated!

Isn’t it paradoxical: societies are actually hybrid (without knowing it) but want to remain homogeneous at all cost?

Your question is very interesting! I’d say that a major part of reality is hybrid. This part gets bigger and bigger and concerns a lot of fields in our lives. Of course, from a biological and cultural point of view, we all are hybrids, – without truly realizing it –, but societies work as silo structures, with independent identities, independent communities, because of this drive towards homogeneity that works both at an individual and collective level. 

A few words on this idea of a “drive towards homogeneity”  that I developed in my research work: in concrete terms, this drive leads us to only keep company with people who look like us, to only be interested in what we already know, to only follow social media accounts that match ours. Thus we build ourselves surrounded by a homogeneous bubble. This drive makes us seek this absurd notion of “purity”; it makes us homogenize everything and everybody we meet so that we don’t have to accept their otherness, their difference. This drive, that can reassure us and give us a feeling of protection, is within everyone of us and it’s difficult to resist it. Everyday we work to fight against it; the boulder of Sisyphus that we constantly have to haul at the mountaintop. Intrinsically, because of our fear of uncertainty, we have an inability to fully and naturally accept singularity, diversity, alterity. In his work, Crowds and Power, one of the greatest European thinkers of the XXth century, Elias Canetti tells us that above all the human being fears being in touch with the unknown, and that all distances, all the behaviors he adopts are dictated by this phobia. It’s only within this standardized mass that he thinks he can be liberated from this phobia. Thus this is what happens: the emergence of communities, groups, founded on an identity principle and whose members are identical to each other. Any element, any person, any odd or heterogeneous idea, is repelled and rejected, because it can be perceived as a threat against this reassuring homogeneity that the group has built and in which it took refuge and imprisoned itself. It’s in accordance with this drive towards homogeneity that the human being has always worshipped identity – from the Latin identitas, “quality of what is the same” – and has always been wary of everything hybrid around him.

How is hybridization a chance for our society? 

First of all, a definition: hybrid embraces what’s heterogeneous, contradictory, blended, imperceptible; it’s everything that doesn’t fit in our box. Hybridization represents the unlikely marriage, that is to say the encounter between things, people, jobs, ideas, worlds that all are radically different. But for this encounter to happen, for hybridization to truly take place, it’s not enough to put them next to each other, we need to work to make their metamorphosis reciprocal.

The world is indeed more and more hybrid and this major tendency concerns almost all the areas of our lives… Take cities for example: revegetation projects are multiplying, urban farms, vegetable gardens, livestock farming on building rooftops are developing to such an extent that the boundary between the city and the countryside tends to become more and more slight. The box “city” is exploding. This hybridization of nature and urbanism takes place in parallel with the one between the products and services provided by companies. If we used to be in an industrial city and now we live in a society of services, it’s becoming difficult today to tell the difference between both. They turn into a hybridization of what we could call a society of practices or a society of relationships. These innovations through hybridization are going to disrupt companies, jobs, fields, markets and the very notion of competition. Schools, colleges and universities, research labs, companies, public administrations are starting, everywhere and more and more, to enhance collaboration; which increases the number of double degrees, confuses job descriptions and jobs and upsets the organizational models and the professional identities. COVID-19 emphasized these hybridizations, metamorphosing our ways to work on-site and remotely. The box “work” needs to be completely rethought. The same applies for objects. They can also form hybridizations: the smartphone, to take the most trivial example, is also an alarm clock, a radio, a scanner and a camera. Paradoxically, it gives us a space/time for leisure and work and it’s all of that at the same time. Regarding territories, we see that “third places” are multiplying: quirky places that regroup economical and services activities, with research, startups, arts and crafts, social innovation or even cultural infrastructures. Besides, companies are more and more aware of their societal responsibility; and social and fair trade economy, the ultimate hybrid economy – since it’s about hybridizing economical logics and social and fair trade logics – could indeed become tomorrow’s economical model. Our ways of buying and doing business also follow this tendency towards hybridization and we see new types of shops emerge where it’s not just about selling and buying, but also playing, improving our knowledge, coming together…

To me, this hybridization we witness represents the positive sign that we’re starting to tame our fear of the unclassifiable and that we’re finally ready to give up our old reassuring categories. The health crisis speeded up even more this tendency. But this tendency was at play even before the virus came into our lives. This hybridization that’s speeding up can make us optimistic regarding the future!

Little by little, we’re starting to realize that hybridization can be a chance for individuals, companies and public institutions, as for society. It makes us better, smarter, less intolerant, less dogmatic, more humble and more agile. My book is an invitation for us to reconcile with reality, thanks to this hybrid way of thinking.

With the digital era, we see that the services provided, the products sold and information are all hyper-personalized. Despite everything, it seems like it all goes in the right direction, isn’t it? 

Indeed now is the time for a tailored-made approach and personalization; the trend becoming more and more about not following the trend. Companies, formed until now by the industrial society, were based on the norm: the herd instinct consumerist approach. Here again, the drive towards homogeneity was at play! It’s the famous quote by Henry Ford: “You can have it in any color you want, as long as it is black.” The whole industry was founded on the belief in homogeneity. But today, things are changing and the car of the future, the truly hybrid car, will be the one designed on singularity; which for me I see as excellent news! Some could think that hyper-personalization is going to reinforce individualism; I’m convinced of the opposite. Individualism often happens when individuals don’t feel respected in their singularity and feel the group is a threat; from the moment when they can finally express it, the group regains meaning. Thus we need to be glad about this weak signal that echoes hybridization: hybridization is the contrary of standardization… In other words, every centaur is unique and this uniqueness is sacred! 

Would you like to say more?

Deep down, we know that we all are centaurs. We’re impossible to grasp, contradictory, quirky, in perpetual metamorphosis… So it’s time to accept ourselves as the centaurs we are! So let’s not be afraid of unlikely marriages: let’s hybridize ourselves and everything! 

Who is Gabrielle Halpern?

She has a PhD in Philosophy. She graduated from École normale supérieure and is currently a research fellow there. Gabrielle Halpern worked at different cabinet ministers, before helping develop startups and advising companies and public institutions. She also has training in theology and exegesis of religious texts. Her research work focuses particularly on the hybrid notion. She is the author of “Tous centaures ! Éloge de l’hybridation” (only available in French at Le Pommier, 2020). (You can visit her website www.gabriellehalpern.com). 

*French article published in HuffPost 

Published on 9th July 2021

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Gabrielle Halpern

We need to understand that the real challenge is our ability to accept to step aside and to leave our comfort zone. The disability that the other has, because it’s outside the norm, because it “transgresses” the absurd box we’ve built and lived in, awakens our fear of the unknown.

writer

Christine Pestel

Communication Manager

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Invisible Disabilities: 80% of Disabled People Are Concerned!

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Aug 6, 2021

Invisible Disabilities: 80% of Disabled People Are Concerned! Having a disability = using a wheelchair. That’s one persisting cliché! Actually, only 2% of people with disabilities are wheelchair users but 80% have invisible disabilities! What we mean by “invisible...

NEVER miss the latest news about the Smart City.

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powered by okeenea

The French leading company

on the accessibility market.

ABOUT US

For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

8 Tips to Welcome a Person with a Physical Disability

8 Tips to Welcome a Person with a Physical Disability

by | 25 Jun, 2021

A wheelchair user

8 Tips to Welcome a Person with a Physical Disability

8 Tips to Make a Person with a Physical Disability Feel Welcome

  1. Lead your customers with a physical disability towards the priority line
  2. Offer a seat
  3. Put yourself at their level to easily communicate with them
  4. Opt for an optimized route
  5. Offer to help
  6. Deploy the access ramp
  7. Be patient
  8. Accept service dogs without discussing it

You’re peacefully sitting behind your reception desk when a wheelchair user comes to you. No need to panic, even with a physical disability, this person probably has similar demands as any other visitors. Staying open-minded and using common sense, you’ll be able to best assist them and lead them to the services they’re interested in. And to make sure not to make a blunder, keep in mind this precious series of advice!

What’s a physical disability?

The services dedicated to people with a physical disability are often identified with the wheelchair logo. But people with a physical disability or reduced mobility encounter a lot of different situations. This disability concerns people with motor function impairments, meaning they’ve lost some or all of their motor skills. This can affect their legs, arms or the rest of their body. People with a physical disability may find it difficult to get around or to perform manual tasks. Having a physical disability can also impact their speech without changing their ability to understand. 

To make sure you’re providing a person with a physical disability the best possible experience, start by following our 7 Tips to Welcome a Person with Disabilities! They work every time!

And now, let’s see some specific advice!

 #1 Lead your customers with a physical disability towards the priority line

Staying in a line can be extremely exhausting for people with a physical disability, especially for those who have difficulty standing. Bearing their weight on stilts or on a walker can be tiring. If they haven’t seen it, make sure to let them know where the priority line is.

#2 Offer a seat

If people who have difficulty standing still need to wait in line, make sure to offer them a seat. But stay careful so that no one jumps the line. It would be a shame for people with a physical disability to wait longer just because they’re sitting apart. 

#3 Put yourself at their level to easily communicate with them

If you need to discuss at length with a person with a physical disability, it would be better for you to sit down. You’d be at the same level as them and would avoid yourself with a stiff neck. This situation would be much more comfortable for both of you. For front desks to be accessible, they should all have a lowered counter. This enables a direct visual contact with wheelchair users and people of small stature. If your front desk doesn’t have a lowered counter, don’t hesitate to go around it.

#4 Opt for an optimized route

If you need to tell a person with a physical disability how to reach a service your venue provides, be careful to choose an itinerary without any obstacles. Lead them to where the elevators and automatic doors are located. Make sure the route doesn’t have any steps, steep slopes nor loose or slippery ground.

#5 Offer to help

The emphasis is on “offering” and not “imposing”! But if the chosen route shows difficulties (steep slope, high threshold, loose ground, crossfall…), your help will probably be welcome. If for that you need to push a wheelchair user, just wait until they’ve agreed to it. Don’t lean on their wheelchair, it’s like an extension of their body! Choose the less bumpy routes, avoid abrupt movements and tell them beforehand the maneuvers you need to do. To pass a step or a rise, turn the wheelchair around, slightly tilt it and gently pull it towards you.

#6 Deploy the access ramp

If the venue you work in isn’t accessible at ground level nor equipped with a permanent access ramp, a removable ramp for wheelchair users can be easy to use. It needs to have a call button at the level of the entrance door so that people who need it can make their presence known. We recommend you to be familiar with how this ramp works in order for you to be prepared should the need arise.

#7 Be patient

A person who has a physical disability may have slower movements than average. Avoid showing any impatience, this could make them feel more anxious and get flustered. Offer to help if you can. And if they have a speech impediment, let them finish their sentences to avoid any misunderstandings. Don’t hesitate to make them repeat themselves if necessary.

#8 Accept service dogs without discussing it

Service dogs for people with disabilities and guide dogs for blind people can have access to all public venues without extra charge and without any obligation to wear a muzzle. Let them come in with their owners. They aren’t like any other dogs: they went to school and know how to behave!

We hope this series of advice will enable you to feel more comfortable welcoming a person with a physical disability. No matter what, don’t forget this golden rule: talk to the other person as you would with anybody else! They’ll always forgive you for making a blunder if you stay open to dialogue and listen to their needs. 

If you’d like to know more about physical disability, check out our article: Obstacles in Public Transport: What Solutions for Physical Disability?

Published on 25th June 2021

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If you need to discuss at length with a person with a physical disability, it would be better for you to sit down. You’d be at the same level as them and would avoid yourself with a stiff neck.

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Lise Wagner

Lise Wagner

Accessibility Expert

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For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

7 Tips to Welcome a Person with Disabilities

7 Tips to Welcome a Person with Disabilities

by | 23 Apr, 2021

Two wheelchair users share drinks with other people

7 Tips to Welcome a Person with Disabilities

 

7 Tips to Make a Person with Disabilities Feel Welcome

  1. Stay natural
  2. Ask questions
  3. Don't think for them
  4. Offer your help, don't impose it
  5. Make sure you're talking to the person with disabilities before anything else
  6. Don't take offense if some behaviors seem strange to you
  7. Don't pet a dog without first asking his owner

Who hasn’t been uncomfortable dealing with a person with disabilities? We’ve all been afraid to drop a clanger, to be clumsy and to behave badly. It’s normal to feel disconcerted in a new situation when we don’t understand the appropriate codes. But it’s actually not that difficult. Here are a few tips that will work every time, regardless of the disability type of the person you’re talking with!

1. Stay natural

Alright, it’s easier said than done… But you need to realize that the person in front of you is above all a human being with the same needs as anyone. Meaning that past the initial moment of surprise, even the moment of panic (because this can also happen…), you simply have to say hello and start talking to the person in front of you.

2. Ask questions

Yes, it’s a new situation and yes, it’s normal not to have all the keys in hand. Simply ask the person you’re talking with what you can do for them. They know best how to explain it to you.

3. Don’t think for them

Because we want to do things right, we often tend to anticipate what a person with disabilities will say or do. But it’s a trap! There’s a good chance you’ll be wide of the mark concerning their expectations and this may cause frustration that could make the person with disabilities aggressive towards you! Give them time to express themselves.

4. Offer your help, don’t impose it

Some people with disabilities don’t dare to ask for help. You’ll make it easier for them if the offer to help comes from you. But do it in an open way so that the person you’re talking to can feel free to tell you if they need it or not.

5. Make sure you’re talking to the person with disabilities before anything else

If a person with disabilities is with someone like a caregiver, this doesn’t necessarily mean that they can’t communicate with you. It’s in fact rarely the case. But even if it was, it’s not a reason to ignore them in the conversation. Just speak directly to them. The caregiver they’re with will naturally take over if it’s necessary.

6. Don’t take offense if some behaviors seem strange to you

There’s nothing more normal than to feel disconcerted facing an attitude or a behavior that’s out of the ordinary. But you need to realize that some types of disabilities may be the cause and that it’s completely out of control. Try to disregard it and treat the person with disabilities as an adult no matter what.

7. Don’t pet a dog without first asking his owner

Obviously, this advice concerns every dog but it’s particularly the case with guide dogs or service dogs used for other types of disabilities. Petting them while working could distract them and thus put in danger the people they’re accompanying.

 

We hope these basic tips will enable you to feel more confident next time you’re dealing with a person with disabilities in your venue or somewhere else! You’ll find other tips adapted to specific types of disabilities such as 12 Tips to Welcome a Deaf or Hard of Hearing Person and 9 Tips to Welcome a Person with an Intellectual Disability.

Please keep in mind that there are trainings to help you and your personnel best assist customers with disabilities. Thanks to qualified organizations, you’ll be able to talk about dealing with people with disabilities without any taboos!

 

 

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Some people with disabilities don’t dare to ask for help. You’ll make it easier for them if the offer to help comes from you.

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Lise Wagner

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ABOUT US

For more than 25 years, we have been developing architectural access solutions for buildings and streets. Everyday, we rethink today’s cities to transform them in smart cities accessible to everyone.

By creating solutions ever more tailored to the needs of people with disabilities, we push the limits, constantly improve the urban life and make the cities more enjoyable for the growing majority.

Artificial Intelligence and Accessibility: Examples of a Technology that Serves People with Disabilities

Artificial Intelligence and Accessibility: Examples of a Technology that Serves People with Disabilities

by | 05 Mar, 2021

A machine learning brain

Artificial Intelligence and Accessibility: Examples of a Technology that Serves People with Disabilities

Beaucoup d’entre nous pensent que l’intelligence artificielle est une notion abstraite et futuriste que l’on ne voit que dans les films de science-fiction, avec ses robots humanoïdes et ses hologrammes. Pourtant, elle est de plus en plus ancrée dans notre réalité et touche divers domaines et catégories de personnes, y compris les personnes en situation de handicap. L’intelligence artificielle révolutionne véritablement l’accessibilité et l’inclusion ! Grâce aux solutions technologiques de l’IA, les personnes en situation de handicap peuvent améliorer considérablement leur quotidien. 

Nous avons déjà vu que les smartphones sont un outil puissant pour aider les personnes malvoyantes. De nombreuses applications leur permettent en effet de rester autonomes. Par exemple, grâce à Seeing AI, les personnes malvoyantes peuvent facilement consulter leurs courriers en recevant des documents sous l’appareil photo de leur smartphone. L’IA s’adapte à tous les types de handicap. Par exemple, les personnes à mobilité réduite peuvent contrôler tout leur domicile simplement par la voix grâce à un assistant personnel virtuel comme Amazon Alexa.

Examinons l’IA et comment elle peut améliorer l’accessibilité grâce à quelques exemples de solutions innovantes ! L’avenir commence maintenant !

Qu’est-ce que l’intelligence artificielle et comment fonctionne-t-elle en matière d’accessibilité ?

L’intelligence artificielle (IA) définit des machines ou algorithmes intelligents capables d’effectuer des tâches cognitives habituellement réalisées par des humains. Cela inclut différentes solutions technologiques qui imitent l’humain et utilisent la logique, allant des échecs à la résolution d’équations.

L’apprentissage automatique est l’une des technologies de l’IA  : lorsque les algorithmes sont exposés à davantage de données, ils peuvent en tirer des enseignements et s’en améliorer afin d’anticiper les besoins des consommateurs. Par exemple, Google utilise l’apprentissage automatique : ses algorithmes collectent les recherches et les appréciations des internautes sur les réseaux sociaux afin de proposer des résultats de recherche et des recommandations plus personnalisées. 

Près de 4 milliards de personnes dans le monde utilisent le moteur de recherche Google , et donc l’IA, perçue comme un bien social. Tout le monde peut y avoir accès, y compris les personnes handicapées. La technologie en général et l’intelligence artificielle en particulier jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’accessibilité. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de trouver les dernières innovations, mais surtout de proposer une solution au service d’une catégorie de personnes afin d’améliorer leur vie. Cela représente une avancée majeure pour plus d’un milliard de personnes handicapées dans le monde qui pourraient utiliser l’IA. Que peut faire l’IA pour l’accessibilité ?

Il peut supprimer les barrières d’accessibilité grâce à différentes solutions :

⊗  Reconnaissance d’images pour les personnes malvoyantes,

⊗  Reconnaissance faciale pour les personnes malvoyantes,

⊗  Reconnaissance de la lecture labiale pour les personnes malentendantes,

⊗  Résumé de texte pour les personnes ayant une déficience mentale,

⊗  Sous-titres ou traductions en temps réel pour les personnes malentendantes ou même celles qui ne parlent pas la langue.

L’IA a un impact considérable sur le quotidien des personnes handicapées : grâce à la synthèse de textes, une personne atteinte d’un handicap mental peut facilement appréhender le monde qui l’entoure. Ce qui peut apparaître un message complexe à déchiffrer se révèle être un texte facile à comprendre. Des choses qui semblent initialement difficiles, voire impossibles, leur sont désormais accessibles au quotidien. L’IA permet aux personnes handicapées d’accéder à un monde où leurs difficultés sont comprises et prises en compte. La technologie s’adapte et contribue à transformer le monde en un espace inclusif grâce à l’accessibilité de l’intelligence artificielle. L’IA met tout le monde sur un pied d’égalité, avec ou sans handicap.

Quels sont les bénéfices de l’intelligence artificielle en matière d’accessibilité pour les personnes handicapées ?

Nous avons vu les principaux points concernant l’accessibilité de l’IA, mais concrètement, où l’IA est-elle mise en œuvre pour améliorer la vie des personnes handicapées ? Comment l’IA les aide-t-elle à rester autonomes ? Concentrons-nous sur quatre situations majeures où l’IA apporte une valeur ajoutée :

Communiquer avec les autres et être connecté

Selon le type de handicap et le profil, communiquer avec les autres peut s’avérer complexe. Il en va de même pour rester connecté dans un monde de plus en plus numérisé, avec l’importance croissante des réseaux sociaux et notre dépendance à Internet. Mais la technologie et l’IA ne laissent personne de côté et peuvent être au service des personnes en situation de handicap. De nombreuses applications utilisent l’intelligence artificielle pour favoriser l’accessibilité.

Pour les personnes aveugles ou malvoyantes :

⊗ VoiceOver : un lecteur d’écran directement intégré aux iPhones. Bien que son utilisation principale soit la lecture d’e-mails ou de messages texte, VoiceOver utilise également l’IA pour décrire les icônes d’applications, le niveau de batterie et même certaines images.  

⊗ TalkBack : l’équivalent de VoiceOver pour smartphones Android. Il permet aux utilisateurs d’exploiter pleinement leur smartphone. 

⊗ Siri : l’assistant virtuel de l’iPhone. Grâce à la commande vocale, il suffit à l’utilisateur d’énoncer sa requête : qu’il s’agisse d’une recherche Google ou de la rédaction d’un SMS à envoyer à un ami. Les personnes malvoyantes peuvent facilement utiliser Siri et rester en contact avec leurs proches. 

⊗ Cortana : assistant virtuel créé par Microsoft et implémenté sur Windows. Il aide les utilisateurs aveugles ou malvoyants à naviguer sur leur ordinateur simplement en utilisant leur voix. Il est en quelque sorte similaire à Siri. 

⊗ Google Assistant : une application activée par commande vocale. Les utilisateurs peuvent facilement configurer une alarme ou gérer leur emploi du temps, comme Siri. 

Pour les personnes sourdes ou malentendantes :

⊗  Ava : une application de transcription instantanée qui utilise l’IA pour transcrire instantanément les conversations d’un groupe. Son algorithme ajoute la ponctuation, le nom de l’interlocuteur et le vocabulaire nécessaire, tiré du dictionnaire de l’utilisateur. Un moyen simple pour les personnes malentendantes d’être incluses et de suivre une conversation avec plusieurs personnes sans lire sur les lèvres. 

⊗  RogerVoice : une application de transcription instantanée en français pour les conversations de groupe, disponible en 90 langues. Son fonctionnement est identique à celui d’Ava.

Pour les personnes handicapées physiques :

⊗  Assistants virtuels comme Siri, Google Assistant et Google Voice Access : les personnes à mobilité réduite peuvent utiliser leur smartphone par commande vocale. Google Voice Access a été spécialement conçu pour les personnes à mobilité réduite.

⊗  IFTTT : une application qui connecte d’autres applications pour permettre aux utilisateurs à faible dextérité d’utiliser toutes les fonctionnalités de leur smartphone sans difficulté. Elle crée des combinaisons avec les applications pour exécuter automatiquement des tâches telles que la lecture d’un e-mail à voix haute ou l’envoi d’un tweet.

Même les personnes souffrant de troubles de la parole peuvent bénéficier de l’IA grâce à l’application Voiceitt. Grâce à l’apprentissage automatique, Voiceitt peut facilement comprendre les personnes atteintes de lésions cérébrales ou de la maladie de Parkinson, dont la parole peut sembler difficile à appréhender au premier abord. Cette application normalise leur discours pour créer un fichier audio ou texte, permettant ainsi aux personnes souffrant de troubles de la parole de continuer à communiquer et d’être comprises.

Bien entendu, les applications d’IA et les smartphones ne sont pas les seuls moyens pour les personnes handicapées de communiquer et d’interagir avec les autres. L’accessibilité du web continue de s’améliorer pour se conformer à l’ Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), offrant ainsi le même accès et les mêmes services à tous, quel que soit leur handicap. 

Concevoir un site web accessible peut s’avérer complexe, mais l’IA change la donne. La conception d’un site est analysée grâce à l’apprentissage automatique. L’accessibilité peut alors être améliorée grâce à plusieurs points :

⊗  Une reconnaissance faciale avec un logiciel d’IA pour remplacer les CAPTCHA qui peuvent être difficiles à trouver pour les personnes malvoyantes,

⊗  Une optimisation de la navigation au clavier via le bouton « Tab » pour les personnes en situation de handicap physique,

⊗  Une technologie de reconnaissance vocale ou de reconnaissance vocale comme le projet Euphonia de Google pour que les personnes souffrant de troubles de la parole puissent utiliser Internet grâce aux sons et aux gestes,

⊗  Contenu de descriptions audio pour les personnes ayant une déficience visuelle,

⊗  Sous-titres et traductions de vidéos en ligne pour les personnes malentendantes comme Microsoft Translator ,

⊗  Réajustements des éléments graphiques tels que les polices, les couleurs et l’espacement pour les personnes malvoyantes,

⊗  Une bibliothèque intégrée d’idiomes, d’argot et de phrases qui sont rarement utilisés pour les personnes ayant une déficience mentale.

L’apprentissage automatique imite un navigateur, de la même manière qu’il imite les humains, pour adapter automatiquement le contenu affiché à l’écran et le rendre accessible aux personnes handicapées. L’intelligence artificielle améliore pleinement l’accessibilité et l’inclusion.

Se déplacer

Pour les personnes handicapées, la mobilité est l’un des défis les plus complexes à relever. Comment les utilisateurs de fauteuil roulant peuvent-ils se déplacer en ville de manière autonome et sereine alors qu’ils doivent constamment connaître l’emplacement des trottoirs abaissés et des toilettes accessibles ?

Dans notre article « Comment aider les personnes handicapées à mieux vivre leur expérience dans le métro ? » , nous avons vu que les personnes handicapées doivent préparer rigoureusement chacun de leurs déplacements. Heureusement pour elles, de nombreuses applications de navigation basées sur l’IA peuvent les aider à gagner en autonomie et en spontanéité dans leurs déplacements.

⊗  Google Maps : l’une des applications GPS les plus utilisées au monde. Les personnes malvoyantes ou en fauteuil roulant peuvent préparer leur voyage à l’avance et visualiser leur itinéraire ainsi que le moyen de transport le plus adapté à leur profil. Grâce à l’option « Accessible aux fauteuils roulants », les personnes en fauteuil roulant peuvent connaître l’emplacement des rampes et des ascenseurs en ville.

De plus, la fonctionnalité « Lieux accessibles » leur permet d’obtenir plus d’informations sur la disposition de nombreux lieux : entrée, places de parking, toilettes, disposition des sièges… Cette fonctionnalité est également utilisée par les personnes malvoyantes pour localiser l’entrée d’un bâtiment.

⊗ Moovit : une application idéale pour les usagers des transports en commun. Elle fournit des informations trafic en temps réel et s’avère utile pour les personnes malvoyantes, notamment lorsque les annonces vocales ne sont pas activées dans le bus. 

⊗ Wheelmap : répertorie et cartographie tous les lieux publics accessibles (restaurants, commerces, cafés…). Les utilisateurs peuvent également ajouter des données et des informations concernant le niveau d’accessibilité des lieux. 

⊗ Paysage sonore : une application qui décrit aux personnes aveugles leur environnement grâce à la technologie audio 3D. Elles peuvent ainsi facilement identifier les points d’intérêt à proximité et les intersections. Pratique pour profiter de la ville.

⊗ Evelity : la première application d’orientation intérieure pour les personnes en situation de handicap. Quel que soit leur profil, ils peuvent facilement s’orienter dans des lieux complexes et fréquentés tels que les réseaux de métro, les universités , les centres commerciaux , les stades … Evelity fonctionne comme un GPS et fournit des instructions étape par étape. Elle est conçue sur mesure pour s’adapter aux profils et aux besoins des utilisateurs :

→ Les utilisateurs malvoyants peuvent le configurer pour qu’il fonctionne avec les lecteurs d’écran VoiceOver et TalkBack afin de pouvoir recevoir des instructions audio.

→  Les utilisateurs malentendants peuvent utiliser des descriptions textuelles et des icônes.

→  Les utilisateurs de fauteuils roulants et les personnes à mobilité réduite bénéficient d’itinéraires optimisés.

→  Les personnes atteintes de troubles cognitifs disposent d’interfaces simplifiées.

Cette application de navigation innovante pour les personnes handicapées est l’exemple parfait de la technologie de l’IA qui améliore l’accessibilité en général et la vie quotidienne des gens en particulier. 

Evelity est actuellement testé à la station de métro Jay Street-MetroTech à New York . D’autres lieux complexes ont installé cette application de navigation en France, où elle a été créée : le métro de Marseille , la faculté de médecine Rockefeller de Lyon et le musée LUMA d’Arles .

Pour les deux premiers lieux, Evelity reste un système de navigation classique, mais pour le musée, elle propose également du contenu culturel géolocalisé ! Pour les visiteurs aveugles et malvoyants, l’application décrit les œuvres d’art exposées et leur permet de se repérer dans les différentes salles du musée. La culture a un faible pour allier technologie et accessibilité !

Comment rendre les musées plus accessibles aux personnes handicapées ?

Les voitures autonomes (aussi appelées voitures autonomes ou voitures sans conducteur) représentent une nouvelle solution pour la mobilité des personnes handicapées, quel que soit leur handicap, car elles peuvent les aider à se déplacer de manière plus autonome.

Nul besoin de demander conseil à un proche ni de réserver un service pour se déplacer en voiture. Les voitures autonomes utilisent des capteurs, des caméras, des radars et l’IA pour atteindre la destination choisie. Leurs algorithmes collectent toutes les données nécessaires sur leur environnement, comme les feux de circulation, les trottoirs, les piétons…, en s’appuyant sur Google Maps et Google Street View. De nombreuses entreprises du secteur automobile testent ou développent des voitures autonomes.

Vivre de façon autonome 

L’IA touche tous les domaines et peut ainsi améliorer l’accessibilité, même à domicile. Les assistants virtuels peuvent améliorer la vie de chacun, et c’est particulièrement vrai pour les personnes en situation de handicap. Nous avions déjà parlé de Siri sur iPhone. Mais à la maison, grâce à des enceintes connectées comme Amazon Echo avec Alexa et Google Home avec Google Assistant, les personnes en situation de handicap peuvent tout contrôler par la voix : allumer les lumières, régler une alarme ou écouter de la musique dans le salon. 

N’importe quel objet domestique peut être connecté, ce qui signifie qu’une personne aveugle peut configurer son quatre simplement en demandant à Alexa ou qu’une personne à dextérité réduite peut baisser la température d’une pièce simplement en utilisant sa voix. 

Avant même de rentrer chez elles, les personnes handicapées peuvent contrôler leurs assistants virtuels grâce à l’application IFTTT. Celle-ci connecte différentes applications, dont des assistants virtuels comme Alexa, pour créer des combinaisons appelées « applets ».

C’est très pratique pour les personnes à dextérité réduite : n’importe quelle tâche peut être automatiquement exécutée par commande vocale. Elles peuvent par exemple augmenter la température de leur thermostat en rentrant du travail pour être plus sereines une fois rentrées chez elles. 

Avoir une maison connectée peut parfois sauver des vies : en cas de chute d’une personne handicapée, un système préconfiguré peut alerter les secours. Les personnes handicapées peuvent ainsi vivre seules en toute sécurité en cas de problème.

Les solutions technologiques d’IA permettent aux personnes handicapées de gagner en autonomie et de se sentir bien chez elles. L’IA propulse l’accessibilité à un niveau supérieur. 

Accéder aux mêmes services que tout le monde

L’inclusivité signifie que chacun a le droit d’accéder à tous les services, quels que soient son profil et son handicap. Les personnes aveugles peuvent lire grâce au braille et les personnes malentendantes peuvent regarder un film grâce aux sous-titres. Voici quelques exemples non exhaustifs de technologies d’intelligence artificielle au service de l’accessibilité :

⊗ Braille AI Tutor : une solution innovante pour pallier le manque d’enseignants en braille. Grâce à la reconnaissance vocale basée sur l’IA et à la gamification, les élèves aveugles peuvent apprendre le braille de manière plus autonome. L’éducation est un droit fondamental. L’accès à l’éducation est essentiel pour que les personnes aveugles puissent trouver un emploi et s’intégrer dans la société.

⊗ Voir AI sur iOS : une application conçue pour les personnes malvoyantes, capable de lire et de décrire tous les types de documents placés sous l’appareil photo du smartphone, comme des billets de banque ou du courrier. Elle peut même reconnaître des images, des couleurs et des visages, fournissant ainsi des détails sur les émotions des personnes. 

⊗ Lookout sur Android : l’application équivalente à Seeing AI. Elle dispose d’un mode d’analyse rapide permettant de parcourir rapidement un texte.

⊗ Projet Guideline de Google : une solution basée sur l’IA qui permet aux personnes aveugles de courir seules. Avec un simple harnais autour de la taille, leur smartphone Android connecté et des écouteurs, les personnes aveugles peuvent courir sans aide extérieure en suivant une ligne directrice peinte au sol. 

⊗ Documents accessibles grâce à Microsoft Accessibility Checker ou Adobe Accessibility Checker : les étudiants et les employés en situation de handicap peuvent toujours avoir accès à l’information pour réussir.

Le secteur médical bénéficie également de l‘IA grâce à la technologie robotisée, qui améliore la précision des interventions chirurgicales ou la collecte de données pour un diagnostic plus précis. Pour les personnes handicapées, cela représente un progrès considérable en termes de qualité de vie. L’exemple le plus frappant est l’invention d’un exosquelette alimentée par l’IA qui permet aux personnes paralysées de retrouver l’usage de leurs jambes : elles peuvent se lever et marcher. Une avancée technologique, mais aussi médicale, pour les personnes handicapées motrices !

Ce ne sont là que quelques exemples de technologies d’IA utilisées pour améliorer la vie des personnes handicapées dans divers domaines. De nombreuses solutions sont disponibles et développées par des startups ou de grandes entreprises comme Google et Microsoft . Grâce à une approche centrale sur l’utilisateur, les technologies d’intelligence artificielle utilisent une conception inclusive pour concevoir des solutions qui répondent au mieux aux besoins des personnes handicapées et améliorent l’accessibilité. En effet, l’IA leur permet de gagner en autonomie, qu’elles soient à la maison devant un film sous-titré ou au travail en train de lire un document accessible, rendant le monde plus accessible et inclusif.

Vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur les applications utilisées au quotidien par les personnes en situation de handicap ? Consultez nos articles : 

5 applications indispensables pour les personnes sourdes et malentendantes en 2022

12 applications indispensables pour les personnes aveugles ou malvoyantes en 2022

9 applications indispensables pour les personnes handicapées physiques en 2022

Mis à jour le 28 décembre 2021 / Publié le 5 mars 2021

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A blind man uses the app Evelity to get around in the subway

AI enables people with disabilities to step into a world where their difficulties are understood and taken into account.

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Carole Martinez

Carole Martinez

Content Manager

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